Mukuita kwenyika kupinda mumusika wakabatana wepasi rose, tii, sekofi, cocoa nezvimwe zvinwiwa, yakarumbidzwa zvikuru nenyika dzekuMadokero uye yave chinwiwa chikuru pasi rose.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwazvino hweInternational Tea Council, muna 2017, nzvimbo yekudyara tii yepasi rose yakasvika mahekita 4.89 miriyoni, kubuda kwetii yaive 5.812 miriyoni matani, uye pasi rose kunwiwa kwetii yaive 5.571 miriyoni matani.Kupokana pakati pekugadzirwa kwetii pasi rose nekutengesa kuchiri kwakakurumbira.Kukura kwetii pasi rose kunowanzobva kuChina neIndia.China yave mugadziri mukuru wetii pasi rose.Kuti izvi zviitike, kuronga nekuongorora kugadzirwa kwetii yepasirese uye maitiro ekutengeserana, kunyatsobata maitiro eiyo indasitiri yetii yepasirese, zvakakosha zvikuru kutarisira tarisiro yebudiriro uye maitiro ekutengeserana eindasitiri yetii yeChina, inotungamira kupa- mativi ekugadzirisa zvimiro, uye nekuvandudza kukwikwidza kwepasirese kweChinese tii.
★Kuwanda kwekutengesa tii kwakaderera
Maererano nenhamba dzeUnited Nations Food and Agriculture Statistics Database, pari zvino pane nyika 49 dzinorimwa tii zvikuru, uye nyika dzinonwa tii dzine nyika mazana maviri neshanu nematunhu ari mumakondinendi mashanu.Kubva 2000 kusvika 2016, iyo yakazara nyika yekutengesa tii yakaratidza kukwira kumusoro uyezve kuderera.Kutengeswa kwepasi rose kwetii kwakawedzera kubva pamamiriyoni 2.807 emamiriyoni muna 2000 kusvika pamamiriyoni 3.4423 muna 2016, kuwedzera kwe22,61%.Pakati pavo, kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera kubva 1,343,200 matani muna 2000 kusvika 1,741,300 matani muna 2016, kuwedzera kwe29,64%;zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakawedzera kubva 1,464,300 matani muna 2000 kusvika 1,701,100 matani muna 2016, kuwedzera kwe16,17%.
Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwekutengesa tii hwepasi rose hwatanga kuratidza kudzikira.Huwandu hwekutengesa tii hwakazara muna 2016 hwakadzikira ne163,000 matani zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana muna 2015, kuderera kwegore negore kwe4,52%.Pakati pavo, huwandu hwekutumira hwakadzikira ne114,500 matani kana ichienzaniswa nenguva imwe chete muna 2015, kuderera kwegore negore kwe6.17%, uye huwandu hwekutumira kunze hwakadzikira ne41,100 matani kana zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana ye2015, gore-on- gore rakaderera ne2.77%.Mukaha uripo pakati pevhoriyamu yekupinza uye vhoriyamu yekutumira kunze iri kuramba ichidzikira.
★Kugovaniswa kwepasi rose kwekutengesa tii kwachinja
Nekuchinja kwekushandiswa kwetii uye kugadzira, huwandu hwekutengesa tii pakati pemakondinendi hwakagadzira zvinoenderana.Muna 2000, Asia yaitengesa tii kunze kwenyika yakaita 66% yetii inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakakosha yekutengesa tii pasi rose, ichiteverwa neAfrica pa24%, Europe pa5%, Americas pa4%, uye Oceania pa. 1%.Pakazosvika 2016, Asia inotengeswa kunze kwenyika tii sechikamu chekutengeswa kwetii pasi rose kwakadzikira nezvikamu zvina kubva muzana kusvika pa62%.Africa, Europe neAmerica zvese zvakawedzera zvishoma, zvichikwira kusvika pa25%, 7%, uye 6% zvichiteerana.Chikamu cheOceania chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika tii munyika chave chishoma, chichidzika kusvika pamamiriyoni 0.25 emamiriyoni.Zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti Asia neAfrica ndiwo makuru ekutengesa tii makondinendi.
Kubva 2000 kusvika 2016, Asia tii inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inodarika makumi mashanu muzana yepasi rose inotengeswa kunze kwenyika.Kunyange zvazvo chikamu chakaderera mumakore achangopfuura, ichiri iyo huru yetii kunze kwenyika kondinendi;Africa ndiyo yechipiri pakukura kondinendi yekutengesa tii.Mumakore achangopfuura, tii Chikamu chekutengesa kunze chakasimuka zvishoma.
Kubva pakuona kwekupinzwa kwetii kubva kumakondinendi ese, kutengwa kweAsia mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 kwakaverengera 3%.Pakazosvika 2000, yakanga yasvika 36%.Muna 2016, yakanga yawedzera kusvika 45%, ikava nzvimbo huru yepasi rose inopinza tii;IEurope mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 China inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yaitora 64% yemiti yetii yepasi rose, iyo yakawira ku36% muna 2000, iyo yakaenzana neAsia, uye yakawedzera kuderera kusvika 30% muna 2016;Zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muAfrica zvakadzika zvishoma kubva muna 2000 kusvika 2016, zvichidzika kubva pa17% kusvika pa14%;Kutengeswa kwetii kuAmerica kwakaverengera chikamu chepasirese chisina kushanduka, chichiri pa10%.Kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuOceania kwakawedzera kubva 2000 kusvika 2016, asi chikamu chayo munyika chakaderera zvishoma.Zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti Asia neEurope ndiwo makuru ekupinza tii makondinendi munyika, uye maitiro ekupinza tii muEurope neAsia ari kuratidza maitiro e "kuderera nekuwedzera".Asia yakapfuura Europe kuita kondinendi hombe kupinza tii.
★Kuwanda kwemisika yekupinza tii nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakati wandei
Vashanu vepamusoro vaitengesa tii kunze kwenyika muna 2016 vaive China, Kenya, Sri Lanka, India neArgentina, idzo dzakatengeswa kunze kwenyika dzakaita 72.03% yezvese zvepasi rose zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.Vepamusoro gumi vanotengesa tii kunze kwenyika vakaita 85.20% yezvese zvepasi rose zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.Zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti nyika dzichiri kusimukira ndidzo dzinonyanya kutengesa tii kunze kwenyika.Nyika gumi dzepamusoro dzinotengesa tii kunze kwenyika dzese dzichiri kusimukira, izvo zvinoenderana nemutemo wekutengeserana pasi rose, kureva kuti, nyika dzichiri kusimukira ndidzo dzinotonga pamusika wezvinhu zvakaderera-zvakawedzerwa.Sri Lanka, India, Indonesia, Tanzania nedzimwe nyika dzakaona kudzikira kwekutengesa tii kunze kwenyika.Pakati pavo, kutengeswa kweIndonesia kwakaderera ne17.12%, Sri Lanka, India, neTanzania kwakaderera ne5.91%, 1.96%, uye 10.24%, maererano.
Kubva 2000 kusvika 2016, kutengeserana kwetii kweChina kwakaramba kuchikura, uye kusimudzira kwekutengesa tii kunze kwenyika kwaive kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika panguva imwe chete.Kunyanya mushure mekujoinha WTO, mikana yakawanda yakagadzirwa yeChina yekutengesa tii.Muna 2015, China yakava mutengesi mukuru wetii kekutanga.Muna 2016, kutengeswa kwetii munyika yangu kwakawedzera nenyika zana nemakumi matatu nematunhu, kunyanya kutengesa tii kunze kwenyika.Misika yekutengesa kunze kwenyika inonyanya kutariswa kuMadokero, Maodzanyemba, Africa, Asia nedzimwe nyika nematunhu, kunyanya Morocco, Japan, Uzbekistan, United States, Russia, Hong Kong, Senegal, Ghana, Mauritani, nezvimwe.
Nyika shanu dzepamusoro dzakapinza tii muna 2016 dzaive Pakistan, Russia, United States, United Kingdom neUnited Arab Emirates.Zvavakatenga kunze kwenyika zvakaita 39.38% yezvese zvakatengeswa tii pasi rose, uye nyika gumi dzepamusoro dziri kupinza tii kunze kwenyika dzakaita 57,48%.Nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzinotora nyika zhinji dzepamusoro gumi dziri kupinza tii munyika, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nekuenderera mberi kwehupfumi hwenyika, kunwiwa kwetii munyika dzichiri kusimukira kuri kuwedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma.Russia ndiyo ine mutengi mukuru wetii pasi rose uye anotenga kunze kwenyika.95% yevagari vayo vane tsika yekunwa tii.Ndiro rakange riri gurusa renyika rekutenga tii kubva muna 2000. Pakistan yakura nekukurumidza mukunwiwa kwetii mumakore achangopfuura.Muna 2016, yakapfuura Russia kuita tii hombe pasi rose.import country.
Nyika dzakabudirira, United States, United Kingdom, neGermany ndidzo dzinotengawo zvikuru tii kunze kwenyika.United States neUnited Kingdom ndevamwe vevanotengesa nevatengi vakuru pasi rose, vachitenga tii kubva kunenge nyika dzese dzinogadzira tii pasi rose.Muna 2014, United States yakapfuura United Kingdom kekutanga, ikava yechitatu pasirese pakutengesera tii munyika mushure meRussia nePakistan.Muna 2016, kutengeswa kwetii kuChina kwaingove 3.64% chete yepasi rose inotengwa kunze kwenyika.Paive nenyika makumi mana nenhanhatu dzaiunza kunze kwenyika (matunhu).Vadyidzani vakuru vekutengesa kunze kwenyika vaive Sri Lanka, Taiwan, neIndia.Vatatu ava pamwe chete vakaverengera chikamu che80% cheChina chese chaitengwa kunze kwenyika.Panguva imwecheteyo, kutengeswa kwetii kuChina kwakadzikira zvakanyanya pane kutengesa tii kunze kwenyika.Muna 2016, tei yeChina inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakangoverengera 18.81% yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvichiratidza kuti tii ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuChina.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-17-2021
